The “grain to feed” policy has increased the gap between supply and demand of silage

[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] Silage as an important source of grassland livestock roughage has great practical significance and far-reaching strategic significance for promoting the scientific development of animal husbandry. Since the implementation of the “grain to feed” policy in 2015, the development of the silage industry has accelerated. However, it is undeniable that the gap between supply and demand for silage is still large.
The “grain to feed” policy has increased the gap between supply and demand of silage
 
　　 The demand for silage is increasing
At present, with the sharp increase in the demand for the quality and quantity of meat products and dairy products, the demand for feed ingredients, especially high quality roughage, has increased significantly.
Qi Qiyu, a researcher at the Feed Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that roughage supplies most of the energy supply to ruminants and plays an important role in maintaining rumen health. Common roughages are mainly hay and silage.
Silage refers to the processing and storage process of long-term use of products by using green plants, agricultural and sideline products, food residues and other plant materials as raw materials in a closed silage facility after fermentation by microorganisms mainly composed of lactic acid bacteria.
In 2015, the No. 1 Document of the Central Committee proposed “supporting the cultivation of forage corn and planting forages”. In the same year, the “grain-to-feed” pilot was launched, with the focus on reducing grain corn yield and increasing silage corn planting area.
According to the data of the Ministry of Agriculture, from 2015, silage corn planting area and total output increased year by year. Among them, the silage corn planting area in 2016 is about 10 million mu, and the total output is close to 40 million tons.
However, as far as the whole country is concerned, the area of ​​silage corn planted and the total output increase year by year. On the one hand, the gap between supply and demand is still large. “Roughly, in 2017, the supply and demand gap of silage corn in southern China alone was more than 52 million tons.” Bai Shihe, dean of the Sichuan Academy of Grass Industry, said.
According to Yu Zhu, a scientist at the National Forage Industry Technology System and a professor at China Agricultural University, silage currently plays a major role in dairy production, but it is less than one-third in the production of beef cattle and sheep.
The entire industry chain is gradually forming
In many people's eyes, silage production is simple, but in fact, the preparation of silage requires a variety of conditions, such as good silage materials, suitable moisture content, anaerobic environment.
There are also many kinds of silage raw materials. At present, China is in a critical period of agricultural structural adjustment. The development of silage-specific corn has become an important starting point and breakthrough point for establishing a modern forage industry system and promoting the development of herbivorous animal husbandry.
"In the area of ​​high intensification and flat terrain, the integrated harvest processing is the main one. In the low degree of intensification, mountainous or non-contiguous areas, the segmental harvesting and processing is the main one." Yuzhu said.
In addition, with the deepening of technology application, process level optimization, personnel quality improvement, raw material harvesting, additive type, chopping, chopping, heavy pressure, sealing and other key aspects of silage quality control technology research and development, technical integration innovation, improvement The technical level of the silage industry.
According to reports, China has promoted straw yellow storage in large quantities since the 1950s. In the 1980s, it began to promote the demonstration of whole corn silage. At present, a circular industrial chain such as forage silage seed enterprises, harvest processing machinery service cooperatives, silage production enterprises, silage consumer enterprises, and aquaculture waste treatment enterprises have been formed.
The market is expanding
According to the requirements of the "China Food and Nutrition Development Program (2014-2020)" and the development goals of the "National Beef and Mutton Production Development Plan (2013-2020)", the herd size also has room for expansion, and extensive production The shift to intensive production and management requires material support for silage.
In 2016, China's 121 “grain-to-feed” pilot counties implemented a total of 6.78 million mu of grain-replanted planting area. According to statistics, in the replanted forage, the whole plant silage corn accounted for 6.13 million mu, and other forage materials such as sorghum, alfalfa and oats were 649,000 mu. The whole silage corn has become the mainstream crop for grain reforming.
However, there are still many problems to be solved in silage corn, such as special silage varieties and sales. In foreign countries, silage corn refers to dedicated silage corn and grain and forage corn, and the two types of corn are not much different. However, China's special silage corn, grain and forage corn, forage corn, the difference is relatively large.
In addition, in the process of whole plant corn silage, the distribution of market benefits is not balanced, and often the interests of growers cannot be guaranteed and the risks are large. In this regard, Yuzhu said that the government management department should take the initiative to coordinate, organize, service, and supervise functions to achieve the sharing of interests of all parties concerned.
According to the survey, in 2016, most of the farmers who planted silage corn in China made money, but individual farmers did not return. Expert analysis, mainly because the varieties are not right and no orders, experts reminded farmers who plant silage corn this year must be careful and grasp orders and varieties.
Yu Kangzhen, deputy director of the Ministry of Agriculture, stressed that “grain to feed” should be tailored to local conditions and rationally determine the varieties of crops. All localities should fully consider the resource conditions, respect the willingness of both sides, and rationally select suitable varieties to achieve diversified development. Ensure that the forage sales are sold, sold, and profitable.

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