High salt water pollution pollutes the ecological environment
At present, high-salinity wastewater such as industrial wastewater and municipal wastewater will directly lead to an increase in the salinity of river water, causing more and more serious pollution to the soil, surface water, and groundwater, thus endangering the ecological environment. According to a recent survey conducted by the reporter, China's existing environmental discharge standards do not control the salinity or total salt content of discharged sewage. To this end, some experts suggested that relevant state departments should formulate high salinity wastewater discharge standards as soon as possible, limit the discharge of high salinity wastewater, and reduce environmental pollution. According to experts, the sewage treatment is divided into standard discharge and zero discharge. After the terminal sewage biochemical meets the standard treatment, it is desalted by the common technology double membrane method and processed and returned to the production system for utilization. At present, after a desalination plant has been launched, only 60% to 70% of fresh water can be reused, and the remaining 30% to 40% of concentrated brine is discharged. According to statistics, enterprises that achieve corporate standards for wastewater discharge account for 80% to 90% of the total, and 60% to 70% of freshwater companies after desalination account for 10% of the total. Gaheng Hengjun, an associate professor at Qingdao University of Science and Technology, pointed out that true zero-emissions can be achieved only when all the brine is treated and reused. Currently, there is no standard in the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) and other industrial emission standards. The salt content index is strictly controlled, and the desalination of sewage is particularly rare, especially for the remaining 30% to 40% of concentrated brine. In other words, most of the large water and drainage households, such as steel, petrochemical, and electric power, are mostly out of brine. This reporter learned that the bromide production company has a sewage sludge production capacity of 80,000 to 110,000 mg/l, and COD of 5000 mg/l. However, when it comes to the treatment of sewage treatment, it does not require salt content. According to the reporter's further understanding, since the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard does not control the salt content, the second largest river in China, the Yellow River water quality inspection does not use the salt content of water as the evaluation standard, and the Yellow River is the birthplace of Qinghai. The conductivity of the water quality salt index was only 200 micro ohms/cm. By the end of the Yellow River, Baotou, the conductivity rose to 800 to 1000 micro ohm/cm, and to the lower reaches of the Yellow River, Jinan and Dongying, the conductivity was as high as 1500 to 1000. Micro ohms/cm. The "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" (GB3838-2002) has control indicators for sulfate, chloride, and nitrate of concentrated drinking water surface water sources. Farmland irrigation water also has control standards for salt content. At present, sewage is not permitted to be discharged in arid and dry areas where the environment is sensitive or water resources are scarce. A coal chemical company in Inner Mongolia has no sewage, rivers, lakes and urban secondary sewage treatment plants in the project area. In order to solve the problem of sewage discharge, the company has built a sewage purification warehouse with an acceptance target of 2,400 tons per day, which will reach the Comprehensive discharge standards, such as biochemical drainage at the first-class standard sewage station, drainage from the reclaimed water recovery unit, and clean water, are subject to winter storage and summer irrigation for wasteland around the reservoir area after natural clarification and purification. In fact, irrigation water for farmland is required for salt content. The Water Quality Standard for Farmland Irrigation (GB5084-2005) stipulates that non-saline-alkaline soil areas should not exceed 1000 mg/L, and saline-alkaline soil areas should not exceed 2000 mg/L. The use of water containing salt and chlorine ions exceeding the standard to irrigate farmland has caused more serious secondary salinization of the soil. Crop yields and benefits have declined year by year. Lin Weiqing, chief engineer of the Shanghai Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, briefed reporters that the lack of control over the amount of salt in sewage in China's pollutant discharge standards is a defect, and that foreign countries have long been concerned about the impact of high salinity discharge on the environment. The current international practice is to set total salt emission limits based on the actual situation of the receiving waters. The European Union enacted social conventions in 2000 to prevent the pollution of water bodies from high-salt wastewater. Experts said that the increase in the hardness of high-salinity groundwater has a certain degree of harm to human health, and it will also cause corrosion to industrial equipment and shorten the useful life of equipment. When the industry needs to reduce the hardness of water to reduce, it will cost its softening, and discharge calcium chloride, magnesium softening waste liquid, and then infiltrated into the ground and then further pollute the groundwater, so that the groundwater chloride and hardness increased again, A vicious circle has been formed. Gai Hengjun believes that China's centralized drinking water surface water and irrigation water have salt content control standards, but there is no salt control standard for the source discharge of sewage, so that the water quality control is difficult from the "source" and " "End-of-end" for effective full-process control. Lin Weiqing also pointed out that at present, China's entire environmental management is end-of-pipe management and does not go to process management. In the future, the state should pay attention to the standard management including the salt content of sewage, and formulate the control index for salt discharge. 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