Nine departments of the country will clean up the land policy affecting auto consumption
In order to establish a unified and open competitively-ordered auto market system, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, consolidate the good development momentum of the auto market, expand auto consumption, and promote the sustained and rapid development of the national economy, the Ministry of Commerce, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Public Security, and supervision The Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Taxation, the General Administration of Industry and Commerce, and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine will jointly carry out special rectification of the automobile market in the first half of this year. The focal point of this special rectification is to resolutely abolish local protection and market blockade policies and regulations. Clean up and repeal discriminatory policies and regulations on sales and use of non-local production vehicles, and apply the same treatment in registration, charging, driving, annual inspection, etc., and may not compel or disguise the local group users and individual consumers to purchase local production. A motor vehicle may not interfere in any way with the operator's selection of a vehicle that the country permits to produce or sell, and may not implement the measures for restriction of purchase and movement in accordance with engine displacement or vehicle specifications. The second is to severely crack down on the illegal and criminal activities such as manufacturing and selling fake and shoddy auto parts and standardize the order of the accessories market. The third is to clear and rectify and standardize the automotive maintenance market. The fourth is to clean up and renovate the old motor vehicle trading market. The fifth is to clean up and rectify the scrapped automobile recycling market. The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Commerce told reporters that through this special rectification, it is necessary to basically clean up and repeal the various types of documents issued by local governments and departments for the protection and sales of local automobiles; to make and sell fake and shoddy auto parts, reselling scrapped automobiles, etc. The illegal and criminal activities have been contained; the quality of car maintenance services has been improved, and the number of complaints from users has been significantly reduced; the order of old motor vehicle transactions has improved; the business operators' behavior and tax payment behavior have been further standardized.
Hydraulic cylinders get their power from pressurized hydraulic fluid, which is typically oil. The hydraulic cylinder consists of a cylinder barrel, in which a piston connected to a piston rod moves back and forth. The barrel is closed on one end by the cylinder bottom (also called the cap) and the other end by the cylinder head (also called the gland) where the piston rod comes out of the cylinder. The piston has sliding rings and seals. The piston divides the inside of the cylinder into two chambers, the bottom chamber (cap end) and the piston rod side chamber (rod end / head end).
Flanges, trunnions, clevises, and lugs are common cylinder mounting options. The piston rod also has mounting attachments to connect the cylinder to the object or machine component that it is pushing or pulling.
A Hydraulic Cylinder is the actuator or "motor" side of this system. The "generator" side of the hydraulic system is the hydraulic pump which delivers a fixed or regulated flow of oil to the hydraulic cylinder, to move the piston. The piston pushes the oil in the other chamber back to the reservoir. If we assume that the oil enters from cap end, during extension stroke, and the oil pressure in the rod end / head end is approximately zero, the force F on the piston rod equals the pressure P in the cylinder times the piston area A:
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