The Perspective of Production, Industry and Economy: Building a New Pattern of Energy and Chemical Industry with Coal as the Core
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Speaking of coal, people always associate it with heavy smoke and environmental pollution. In fact, such a simple understanding is inaccurate. In the early days, people directly burned crude oil, which was even worse than coal. It is the petroleum refining process that solves the problem of oil fractionation, making gasoline and diesel an important fuel for the engine. The technological progress of petrochemical industry has also developed the plastic, rubber and synthetic fiber industries. The main components of coal and petroleum are carbon and hydrogen, but the unique heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coal are precious intermediate materials. We should not simply use coal as fuel, but we should “smelt coal†like oil refining, and use coal as raw material for refining, separation, processing, and application. The development of modern high-tech allows people to use different coal conversion technologies to improve the overall economic benefits of coal conversion and utilization, depending on the type of coal, the characteristics of coal quality, and the different target products.
Modern development of coal conversion and coal chemical technology provide the possibility to replace petrochemical products with coal. For example, coal-water slurry can be directly combusted as fuel to replace heavy oil and residual oil. Synthetic gas produced from coal can produce not only synthetic ammonia and chemical fertilizers, but also hydrocarbon compounds. Carbon-chemistry, which uses synthesis gas as raw material, can synthesize alcohol. A series of oxygenated compounds such as aldehydes, acids, esters, and ethers; coal can be directly liquefied and converted into liquid hydrocarbons, that is, similar petroleum-based composite components, and then separated into various oil products; coal can also be vaporized Indirect liquefaction, synthesis of sulfur-free high-clean gasoline, diesel and other oil products and other chemical products. At present, most of these technologies have been mastered domestically and have laid a solid foundation for the development of the coal chemical industry.
The goal of the new generation of coal chemical industry is to establish a polygeneration energy and chemical system with coal gasification as the core. It uses coal as the main raw material, and vaporizes it to produce syngas with carbon monoxide and hydrogen as the main components. Pure synthesis gas can be used as a raw material for the combined production of heat, electricity, gas, chemistry and smelting. The application or combination of these process technologies is to form a polygeneration system such as integration of coal and electricity, integration of coal and metallurgy, and coal coking.
From an environmental point of view, China’s primary energy source is coal, which places a heavy burden on the environment. Therefore, the clean and comprehensive utilization of coal is a major issue that must be resolved. If coal-fired power generation is changed to coal-fired power generation, it will not only increase power generation efficiency, but also reduce pollutant emissions. At the same time, replacing oil with coal, coal liquefaction or coal gasification is an effective way to ensure national energy security and supplement oil shortages. The conversion of coal into clean fuels will be a necessary way to promote the development of China's auto industry and clean energy. As an effective carrier of hydrogen energy, methanol will also play an important role in the future development of liquid fuel cells.
At present, more and more regions in China have unified plans for coal development and industrial restructuring. For example, the proven coal reserves in Huainan, Anhui Province are 15.3 billion tons, accounting for 32% of the eastern China, and are typical coal cities developed according to the “one plant and one city†model. The leaders of the city recognize that the development of clean energy and coal-related industries is an inevitable choice to exploit the comparative advantages of the industry, vigorously promote high-quality economic coal projects, and mainly focus on deep processing of coal gasification, coking, liquefaction projects, and the development and utilization of resources that are highly efficient. Waste disposal project; actively promote integration of coal and electricity, and gradually form a new economic growth support system with diversified industrial structure. The goal is to build Huainan into a large-scale coal-to-electricity base in East China, and to upgrade the industrial structure of high-tech products such as fine chemicals, biomedicine, fiber optic cable, and ultrafine materials.
Tongliao City also decided to take the coal as the raw material for the coal-to-metallurgy and metallurgy multi-productive road. The planned coal-to-syngas product chain is implemented in two phases. It adopts technology with independent intellectual property rights, implements the energy and chemical industry of the methanol system, and develops the downstream methanol products. It has now begun construction.
In 2002, Xinjiang Zhongtai Chemical Co., Ltd. successively merged Toksun Lida Salt Chemicals Co., Ltd. and Ji Kang Boda Coking Co., Ltd., forming a scale of 14 million tons of coal and 200 square kilometers of salt reserves. At present, the Zhongtai Chemical Heavy Chemical Industrial Park with the chlor-alkali industry as its main body is under construction, which indicates that the product industry cluster of coal-electricity integration in Xinjiang is rising, and the combination of chlor-alkali industry and coal, oil and gas industries is becoming a reality.